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Yadda CNC Turning Na zamani Tachie Yanayin Goymawa da Yawa
Live Tooling, Y-Axis, da Sub-Spindle: Kafa sarari da abubuwan da ba zaune ba
CNC turning a yanzu ya samu tushen sauke-sauke na karkashin gyara ta hanyar uku daga cikin mabambantan. Na farko shine 'live tooling', inda kayan tsinkaya suna zaune a cikin 'turret' na lathe. Wannan yana nufin mu iya gwadawa bisa, tsinkaya furu, ko kuma yi amfani da kayan tsinkaya akan kayan wanda suka gyara duk wadannan a yanki guda daya, don haka baza a kasance da bukatar dawowa abubuwa zuwa waje don siyayya. Na biyu, yadda zamu iya fuskantar Y-axis wadda ke ba da tafiya mai tafiyar sama bisa tafiya mai tsokaci na spindle. Wannan yana ba da damar masu gyara in gudua ashahen iri ce wanda bata gurbin kansu, ko kuma yanayin iri ce kamar wuraren da suka faralle ko kayan da suka shirbe. Sai kuma akhirin halin, sub-spindles sun canza duk abu ga mayar da kayan dake bayan bayan. Wadannan suna hada kayan dake bayan bayan kamar knurling, threading, ko facing ba tare da bukatar mutum ya kai-kai kai kayan. Yi lafiya duka, ko ina? Abubuwan da aka ambata alama ba zai iya samunsa yanzu suna samunsa. Muna magana tentanga taimakon girma na asibiti zuwa sararijan kayan da suka jujjuya, lubuwa da suka fito, kura’i, da ashahen da suka tafi. Babba babu kyau? Duk wannan matsalolin bata ke kwatanta gabatarwa. Masu gyara suna kama da kyaututtukan micron, kuma wasu masu aiki suna nuna rashin sauke-sauke ta 70% karshen darajar hanyoyin da aka yi masa zuwa.
Misalin Aiki: Tsarin Adduwa ta Hanyar Ƙasaɗa Mai Lahin Tapers, Grooves, Knurling, da Radial Holes
Anan wani flange na aerospace da ke buƙatar yin abubuwa guda 15 kamar wadannan tapers na fuskaye, grooves na iya iya kwana, knurls na iya aiki, kuma shidda radial bakka. Duk abin da ya kasance ya yi ne a cikin setup guda ɗaya a mesin mai girma mai girman axis. Don tapers, suka amfani da Y axis contouring don samun sauyin tsawon da za a iya kwana. Live tools suna aiki kan drilling da tapping na bakka radial ba zai buƙaci wani sauya duka. A hanyar diyar, sub spindle ta yi aiki kan knurling na farawa ta hanyar farko yayin da wasu duk suna aiki. Wadannan grooves? Za su kasance su dace a cikin plus ko minus 0.005 inches, wanda aka samu ta hanyar haɗin C da Y axes. Ta yadda ya yi duk wane abu kamar nan, babin buƙatar wani addim banbanci. Wanne shine ma'nanin a halayen? Lokacin da aka yi waƙa ya rage sosai daga uku (3) hours irin zamani zuwa 22 minti kawai. Yana nuna abin da CNC turning zai iya yi lokacin da part ya kasance symmetric a cikin nazarin design.
CNC Turning vs. 5-Axis Milling: Wannan Zamu Zaɓi CNC Turning don Abubuwan Da Yawa
Tausayin Symmetry: Mun fara Rotational Ya Sa CNC Turning Ya Kasance Mai Kyau don Hybrid Geometries
Kada aka yi amfani da kayayyakin da yawa su dace, CNC turning ya ba shaguwancin girma kyakkyawan waje kuma ya kawo sauri fiye zuwa ne na biyan kuɗi dibu. A halin aiki, kayayyakin da aka ninka suna zinzanya yayin da kayan cuta sun tsaya ko suna motsawa tare da shi, taƙawa da saurin cire matarerials ga abubuwan da ke bayan diameters, tapers, threads, da grooves. Abubuwan daga cikin waɗannan za su richi canjin setup mai yawa kuma za su run slow ne a 5-axis mill. Milling na biyar axis take iya hadura sama mai yanke-yanke da ashala'ida mara iko kalila, amma duk wadannan kayan motsawa suna nufin lokacin mahirorinta mai tsawon lokaci da biyan kwamfuta mai hanyar sallama. Danna kayayyakin inda karshen karatun karatun karatu shine cylindrical kamar flanges da holes a kan gaba daya ko kayan komponin da slots a kan perimita. Don wadannan nau'ikan kayayyaki, CNC turning za ta iya kawo kan kansa aikin setup ta hanyar kusa da 40% kuma ta kawo kan matsayin production ta hanyar kusa da 60%. Sai dai, ta kama tight tolerances din under 0.005 inches ba tare da kirga bank ba, musamman lokacin da aka yi runs of karshen 1,000 pieces.
Tacewar Hanyar Zamani: Watsa Fassarar Daidaiton Alamar, Adadin da Dukia Mai Lahira Don Kwance CNC Turning
Zamuwar hanyar daidai tafiye take tsawon talabijin uku masu mahimmanci:
- Kamaƙin Alamar Masu Zama : Kwance CNC turning lokacin da 70% na alamar masu mahimmanci (misali: wiyar, bores, threads, tapers) suna da kyakkyawan nisa.
- Abun Cincin Alamar Ba Masu Nisa : Yi amfani da 5-axis milling lokacin da abubuwa suna da >3 sarufan sarken da ba su da nisa kamar maganin sauya ko pockets ba na radial da ba za a iya samunsa ba ta amfani da live tooling ko Y-axis motion.
- Daidaiton Abubuwa-Cost : CNC turning ke kwankebi cost na kowane abu ta ~30% a cikin rununa mai yawa saboda iyakokin cycle da minimal fixturing, yayin da 5-axis milling ta zama mafi kyau don low-volume prototyping ko geometries masu canzawa sosai. A matsayin regula mai tsawo, idan bayanan asalin suna cylindrical kodayake akwai mituna mai yawa, hanyar da take tsawon turning ta fusa kwance mai zurfi, sahih da kontin cost.
Manufar Tarihi da Kudaden Da Ba A Yi Waƙaɓin CNC Ta Tsawon
Kula da 'Abubuwan Da Ba A Yi Waƙaɓin Amma Ba Ma Ɗauke Da Iko' Mai Doki: Manufar Muhimmanci Na Garkuwa, Garkokun Sama, da Fushen Da Ba Ma Tsawo Ba
Iyakar CNC ta tsawon ke tafiye tsawon amma ilimin ilimi yadda ya kara kudaden ma'ajin garkuwa. Uku a cikin manufar mahaifinta suna nuna kudaden iko:
- Garkuwa : Garkokun na juyawa da ƙanƙara da ~135° ba za su iya wucewa ta hanyar kayan aikin da aka samu saboda doki na spindle da chuck; kayan aiki masu alaƙa ko ayyukan sauya suna bukatar rarraba.
- Garkokun Sama : Rabi’oyin tsawon zuwa tsakanin girman girma da yawa da 4:1 yana kuma kusan kayan aiki sun fitowa da kuma rashin kyau na fushen, musamman a cikin abubuwan da suka kara ko abubuwan da suka fara; kula da tsawon garkokun sama a cikin 3× girman kayan aiki yayin da zai iya.
- Fushen Da Ba Ma Tsawo Ba : Fushen mai flat, haruffan shoulders, ko abubuwan mai angular suna bukatar kayan aiki masu yawa, C-axis indexing, ko Y-axis motion wanda ke kara abubuwan da suka fara, lokacin aikin, da ikon kuskuren kuskure.
Yadda kayayyakin behave suke ya bambanta daga cikin wanda ke iya aiki da shi. Alloys da aka kara kankanta da yawa karfi (HRC) 45 ko fiye suke tsauwa a canza alatun cutta lokacin ake yi aiki ne mai saukarwa. Kwallaye mai girman kaɗan karfi karƙashin mita mili 0.5 suke warwurwarwa ta hanyar kusurwar centrifugal lokacin aike-aike. Lokacin da abubuwan suna da nuni mai yarda, wanda zai kulle hanyar normal chip flow path, wannan zai haifar da matsaloli. Chips suna dabarwa kuma suna cutta cikin surface na part, yayin da suna haifar da finishe mai rougher than desired, kadaɗan lokaci worse than 32 Ra microinches. Don samun sharuddan mai kyau da CNC turning operations, munyi lafiya wajen design parts tare da radii masu dacewa har ma yake. Yi kokarin kama interruptions axial zuwa ga kamar yawa, kuma kula non-rotational features zuwa kamar 15% na kowane geometry na part. Bayan hakan, yin amfani da tsarin hybrid wanda ke hada milling da turning yana amfani da kyau don abubuwan complex geometries.
Gudanar da Design na Part don CNC Turning Success
Yin amfani da CNC turning ta fuskanta iyakar kudaden da lokacin, musamman a production mai yawa. Yanzuwa ga ilimin farko na DFM wajen nuna abubuwan dake tsakanin iko masu mahimmanci ko kuma warware waɗanda ke kasa kudade. Duk gurbin hanyoyin da ke biyu shine:
- Tunawa da iyaka : Nuna iyakar da ke cikin mahimman cin rai. Yin nuna iyaka mai zurfi zai yi karancewa kan lokacin yin amfani ta 30–50% kuma zai richa amfani da kayan aiki da buƙatar takardun takarda.
- Haɗin Bar Stock : Haɗa girman siffa zuwa sauran girman bar stock (misali, 1", 1.5", 2") don reduce waste na abu, sabaƙin haɓakawa, kuma kula da wasu abubuwa da ba su da adabi.
- Kara Karin Gwagwarmaya : Iya kallo mai cikin tauraro da tauraro mai karfafa, mai doro, ko mai chirfi yayin da ake iya yin sa, don kara karin gwagwarmayar ko kula da shi.
- Kontin Kwatantawa : Dona yadda dabin kwayoyin girma zuwa tsawon girma a karkashin 6:1, hadza abubuwan da ke tsakanin tailstock (misali, tsawon babban diameter ko cutane grooves) cikin nuna don hana wuya da saurare.
Wadannan canjin wuraren na iya inganta kwanciyar bugar shigoggi, inganta tsaro da sauƙi, sai kuma an gartar lokaci mai mahirar magana, wanda zai samar da kayan dare mai ƙasa mai ƙasa mai ƙasa mai ƙasa mai 25% kama da inganta alhadin bayarwa idan aka yi amfani da su a lokacin farawa.
Tambayoyi Masu Yawan Faruwa
Wanne ne masu raba mafi mahimmanci na CNC turning dibu da sauran hanyoyin magana?
CNC turning tana ba da alhaji ga sayayyen abubuwa da ke da kyakkyawan girman dakin, tare da alhajinsu a cikin rarrabu, sauri, da kwayo don gwamnati mai yawa. Tana ba da damar magana akan abubuwan da ke da matsala kamar thread, knurling, da radial drilling ba tare da sake sanya shigoggin abu ba.
Yaushe ne kamar yadda kadayon kewayon kewayo da sub-spindles na iya inganta CNC turning?
Yadda ake amfani da kayan aiki na iya iya haɗawa da kayan aiki na milling a cikin lathe, kuma zai sauke buƙatar saitiyan sauran. Sub-spindles suna canzawa abubuwan kerawa sabada sauraron gaban biyu, sannuwa mai zurfi kuma zai sauke kuskuretsu na manufofin tafiye-tafiyen.
Wannan lokacin in zaɓi CNC turning darusa 5-axis milling?
CNC turning tana daidai ne idan dandansen karin abubuwan sharhu suna da nuni akan tsawon girma, kuma idan wani abu yana buƙatar sadarwa mai zuwa, sadarwar da ke zuwa mai kyau don adadin gidajen. Don abubuwan da ke dauke da alamar ba tsawon girma ba kamar yadda ke buƙata kayan aiki na 5-axis, 5-axis milling na iya zama mai dacewa.